ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY-EXPORTER OF THE LABOUR

the Third kind of programs has been directed on stimulation of economic development of countries of origin and areas of mass migratory outflow of the population for emigration and strengthening reduction remigratsii national workers. These programs provide building by joint means of the countries - importers and exporters of a labour of the enterprises in countries of origin at the expense of monetary savings of workers-migrants. Building of such enterprises in countries of origin as considered, should be, on the one hand, means which will render constraining effect on new emigration, and with another - maintenance means new workplaces of a certain part remigrantov.

Turkey was the first country which has made attempt of use of professional preparation received by national workers and remittances from abroad for investment in a national economy.

Among the West European countries such programs have started to be developed and had development in Germany. Still the bilateral agreement according to which in Turkey the so-called co-operative societies of development financed at the expense of money resources of workers, working abroad were created has been in the mid-eighties signed. rules of functioning of co-operative societies included certain obligations for workers. First, before emigration each member of co-operative society has been obliged to bring an entrance fee which simultaneously gives privileges at departure from the country. Secondly, after the device in the new country workers undertake to translate in co-operative societies money resources for their subsequent use on the purpose of national development. Co-operative societies have the right to reception of the state credits, but for this purpose they should be registered in the corresponding state organisations. The budget of co-operative societies was formed as follows: 15-20% of their means were necessary on entrance fees, 40% - on currency transfers from abroad, other part became covered at the expense of the state credit.

The First co-operative societies have appeared in Turkey in 1965 in agriculture and included such enterprises, as factory-refrigerator, the enterprise for milk processing, a poultry-farming farm, factory for manufacture of the agricultural equipment. The number of members of co-operative societies quickly grew and soon totaled 2,8 thousand persons; by 1971 in the country it has been registered 2,2 thousand co-operative societies, and number of the workers who have come back to Turkey under this project, has reached 22,7 thousand persons. As co-operative societies looked as favourable undertaking, the Ministry of Agriculture has suggested to increase the sum of the credit to co-operative societies (to 25 billion lyres). But means have been started up on other purposes, and the project has failed. failure of the initiative on an effective utilisation of savings of immigrants in nation-wide scale has been connected by that co-operative societies did not become a component of system of national planning. Besides, they have very soon turned for workers only to the means offering advantages at emigration. There were some difficulties of technical character, including in connection with gathering of payments from members of co-operative societies.

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