you are: BRIBERY And CORRUPTION In Russia
The Open space for office predatoriness opened feeding institute, as a way of the maintenance of officials. With introduction in XIV century of an order when sterns to officials began to be defined by charters and reading and writing, there was a concept lihoimstva, or ' collection lihvy, surplus in comparison with that is necessary '. Lihoimstvo forever became key concept of bribery definition in Russia. Though with introduction of norms and usages of collection of the fodder judicial responsibility for their collection over established was established also, state people continued ' to be fed immensely ' and as a result, by words letopistsa, ' many grady and volosts are empty made '. Feeding have cancelled in 1555 but also after that the sight at service as a source of impudent requisitions has remained.
So, in Peter the Great decree from December, 24th, 1714 it is told that ' many lihoimstva were increased '. After half a century Catherine II in the decree from June, 18th, 1762 says about scales of bribery of officials in such words that ' hardly probable there is a small place of this government in which divine action without infection with this ulcer went '. Certain historical evidence of customs in the Russian society of first half of XIX-th century the heroes deduced there with characteristic surnames of Krivosud, Hvatajko, etc. name the comedy of Kapnista written at Pavel I, in which. Sang chorus the following text: ' On what hands are hung up to us, if not on taking? ' What there to speak about Gogol ' the Auditor '?
The Senatorial audit which has taken place after the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905, has shown adherence of pre-revolutionary officials to traditions of bribery. ' On an outstanding place ', according to contemporaries, there was a department of the military man intendantstva. The impressing facts of bribery have been opened in military-engineering department, a city police and other establishments.
|