1) material neediness dolzhnostyh persons. The authorities, in essence, silently allowed to fill up with it the budget at the expense of the population;

2) absence of properly organised control and bezglasnost public forces;

3) existence of system so-called ' an administrative guarantee ' at which attraction of officials to the criminal liability depended on their heads interested in that abusings in subordinated establishment have not become a proceeding subject;

4) lawlessness of citizens and in particular an abundance of the norms limiting their rights. The order at which the missing rights were bought by means of bribes was as a result established.

Thus, the bribery, as though it was called, had quite certain public reasons, and their preservation led to perpetuating of system of requisitions and extortion.

Now about struggle measures. As it was already marked, to concept of bribery of the last before revolution of 1917 the Russian criminal legislation corresponded ' lihoimstvo ' which had two values - wide and narrow. In the first case it was meant as any illegal acquisition of property benefit (money, things, services) the person consisting on the state or public service, by means of the action concerning duties of its service, or by means of the power belonging to it. in such wide value lihoimstvo included:) mzdoimstvo; lihoimstvo in own (narrow) sense of a word; official extortion.