BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA

Historical traditions concerning bribery and corruption in Russia

In struggle of opinions round ways of advancement of Russia to the market the special place occupies historical experience of development of the capitalism interrupted with revolution of October, 1917. It concerns and a question on social development methods, including a question, whether Russia were peculiar the phenomena similar to what in other countries are defined as bribery, corruption, extortion.

It is possible to result tens and hundreds documentary sources and products of the literary classics testifying to really barbarous methods with which help the market, and then and a capitalist system in Russia was formed. Therefore nostalgia existing at much authoritative authors on last times, their idealisation in a counterbalance to estimations available now in this respect and representations have no serious basis. It concerns also sights about corruption and bribery in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Those who draws a picture of directly cloudless development are not right. Those who sees in the past only a lawlessness of a deceit, robberies and larceny are not right also.

There is an assumption that the word ' a bribe ' became known in Russian since the Tatar yoke. So, at least, after the historian And. As P.Lip-randi consider a number of researchers. Though believe that existing since far times in the Polish language of a word podkup and wziatka have come there from Russian, in the official use in Russia words ' a bribe ' and ' bribery ' were absent. As we will see a little later, in those days spoke about ' lihoimstve '. Sometimes as experts testify, there were also others, far from mentioned terms. For example, in areas where there were active contacts with germanojazychnymi the countries, in common people a bribe named gabsoj (apparently, from German die Gabe - gift, a gift). And consequently then it was possible to hear words of type completely not habitual for Russian ear sgabsil, has given gabsu or, for example, zabetsalil (it is visible, from German bezahlen - to pay, pay).

However, how named such phenomenon, in Russia at all times there was any set of requisitions and plunders. As active force officials of the extremely limited control system and, naturally, judges here acted. In this sense Russia did not have any practice distinct from another countries. in ' the Encyclopaedic dictionary of Russian bibliographic society of Grenades ' (t. 10), made till 1917 and printed on matrixes in the early twenties, were given words letopistsa which, narrating about events in Northeast Russia in second half XII centuries, informed that combatants of princes ' it is a lot of burden sotvorisha to people sales and virami ', that is as explained With. M.Solovev, ' became very heavy for the people judicial vzyskami and bribes '.

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